Нужен перевод. Присоединяйтесь и сообщите мне кто может помочь с переводом.
Этот важнейший документ по сути говорит о необходимости новой парадигмы сельского хозяйства. (Need for a new agricultural).
Принят он на семинаре FAO в Кордове, там же где было объявлено о том, что 2013 год = год Киноа. (см. Год незнакомого злака)
Нижележащий текст не очень корректно вытащен из PDF. Кое где побились переносы строки. Можете читать в оригинале текст здесь.
Информация о мероприятии в Кордове/вэбкаст
Ко́рдова (исп. Córdoba [ˈkorðoβa]) — город в Андалусии (южная Испания)
Декларация Декларация
Cordoba Declaration on Promising Crops for the XXI
Century
1
1
This declaration is the result of the International Seminar “Crops for the XXI Century” co
organized
by the Spanish
government (Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and Ministry of
Foreign Affairs and Cooperation), United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, International Treaty on Plant Genetic
Resources for Food and Agriculture, International Fund for Agricultural Development, Bioversity International, Crops for
the Future, S
low Food International, the Spanish Royal Academy of Gastronomy, Andalusian government, CeiA3,
Diputación, University and Ayuntamiento de Córdoba, and Cátedra de Estudios sobre Hambre y Pobreza as host. The main
goal of the Seminar was to fight world hunge
r and rural poverty by giving more attention to underutilized and promising
crops. The Seminar was also the first international event to celebrate 2013 as the UN International Year of Quinoa. It
included open debates with participants from developed and de
veloping countries, as well as members of civil society,
farmers’ organizations, industry and consumers, at national and international level. The Seminar was opened by the
Spanish Minister of Agriculture, Food and Environment and the Director General of FA
O. The Declaration was developed by
the co
organizing institutions.
Cordoba Declaration on Promising Crops for the XXI Century
In an increasingly globalized and interdependent world, eradicating hunger is a prerequisite for
peace and world security. If we are to
feed 9 billion people in 2050 in a sustainable way, protect the
environment, provide healthy and nutritious food for all, and enhance the livelihoods of farmers, we
need more diversity in agricultural and food systems. This is one of the key messages behi
nd the
designation of
2013 as the UN International Year of Quinoa, the sacred crop of the Incas, a symbol
for the importance of thousands of promising crops.
An adaptive, diversified agriculture will need to make use of many hundreds of crops that have
be
come neglected by modern agriculture; crops that have been used for millennia but which have
been increasingly forgotten as a few crops have become commercially dominant in food production.
The use of a wider range of crops and species can play a central r
ole in combating hunger,
malnutrition and poverty, in helping to secure sustainability and in building resilience, thus making a
durable contribution to the Right to Food and the Right to Health embedded in the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights. These
crops will provide a key part of the diversity needed to ensure
adaptability to change, particularly climate change. They will also be essential to achieve the post
2015 sustainable development goals.
Securing the full potential of these promising but u
nderutilized crops and species in production and
consumption systems will require actions on many fronts. These actions include:
•
Improving education and awareness to ensure that the values of a much wider range of crops
are recognized by all society;
•
Incr
easing recognition and support for small scale and family farmers, women and men, in
maintaining diversified and resilient agricultural systems;
•
Facilitating the conservation, access, availability, use and exchange of seeds by farmers;
•
Promoting formal and
informal research and plant breeding to realize the full potential of these
crops.
•
Improving access to markets and stimulating demand for a wider range of crops, while ensuring
that benefits are shared fairly;
Two concrete and far reaching actions propo
sed are:
•
The launching of a
new international dialogue on plant genetic resources for food and
agriculture to help enhance policies and priorities to promote the use of a wider range of crops.
This should explore ways in which the International Treaty on
Plant Genetic Resources for Food
and Agriculture can further support the conservation, exchange and sustainable use of neglected
and underutilized crops.
•
The establishment of an Ombudsman that would represent the rights of future generations in
national an
d international decision making
—
national parliaments and within the UN system,
since conservation of agricultural biodiversity and other natural resources are relevant both to
present and future generations.
The attached global agenda for advancing the
sustainable conservation and use of neglected and
underutilized species (NUS)
2
includes and further develops these and additional issues.
2
In this document of the 2012 Cordoba Declaration, the terms NUS and promising crops are being considered
equivalent.
advancing the sustainable conservation and use of
Neglected and
Underutilized Species (NUS)
N
eed for a new agricultural paradigm
Biodiversity for food and agriculture is central in sustaining humankind on Earth, and most strategic
to fight the formidable challenges of food and nutrition insecurity, poverty, and climate change. We
believe that fee
ding a 9 billion world population by 2050 cannot be achieved with the current food
system, which relies on 20 or so major staples and wastes almost 1/3 of the food produced.
According to FAO
3
, approximately 30,000 edible plant species have been identified
, of which more
than 7,000 have been used in the history of humanity to meet basic human needs such as food,
clothing, fiber, medicine, construction materials and fuel. At present 30 crops constitute 90% of the
calories in the human diet, and only three sp
ecies (rice, wheat, maize) account for more than half of
the energy supply.
Ignoring and underestimating this enormous pool of food is a mistake that we cannot afford,
especially when many of them continue to be essential in rural areas of developing cou
ntries. There
are many reasons why underutilized crops deserve deference, for example, to fight hunger and rural
poverty, to mitigate the effect of climatic changes and to reduce malnutrition and improve health via
dietary diversification. Agricultural bio
diversity is especially relevant in these areas where the 1.4
billion people live on less than $1.25 a day and they need more effective ways to move out of
poverty through a better use of their natural resources. Furthermore, because of the rapid advance
o
f climate change that will alter the agro
ecosystems and in consequence the productivity of
currently important crops to become unviable in certain areas of the world, these crops may have to
be replaced with more adapted ones to the new conditions.
More
and consistent efforts are needed to harness the untapped potential of agricultural
biodiversity, including neglected and underutilized species (NUS). These species
4
and their wealth of
associated traditional knowledge are an strategic ally in sustainable
and productive agro
ecosystems, contributing towards their resilience in addressing climatic changes and economic
distress while supporting traditional and healthy food systems. The promotion and use
enhancement of NUS through consistent Research and Devel
opment (R&D) investments is also a
durable contribution to reaffirm the Right to Food embedded in the 1948 Universal Declaration of
Human Rights
5
and the binding International Covenant of economic, social and cultural rights.
Safeguarding the resource
s to secure our future
These non
commodity crops have been appreciated for their nutritional value, hardiness, good
adaptability to stresses, versatility in use and their rich associated food culture and traditions. Today
they have fallen into neglect bec
ause of their poor economic competitiveness with major crops that
have benefitted of consistent investments in R&D or of the direct support of their production and
markets (e.g. use of subsidies and other forms of incentives). Major crops dominate national
and
3
First Report of the State of the World’s Plant Genetic Resources f
or Food and Agriculture (1997).
http://apps3.fao.org/wiews/docs/SWRFULL2.PDF
4
For a more complete description of NUS visit Crops for the Future web site at
http://bit.ly/RPIojV
.
5
http://bit.ly/YQ6Oib
international markets and government policies to the detriment of hundreds of other important life
saving crops that together have huge significance. Poor
–
or episodic and merely market oriented
research attention has deprived underutilized crops of
improved varieties, enhanced cultivation
practices, technologies to address drudgery in value addition, organized and efficient market chains.
Not lastly, their marginalization is aggravated by the wrong perception that these traditional crops
are “food of
the poor”.
In many cases, underutilized crops provide essential micronutrients and thus complement staple
foods that provide the necessary energy. They provide unique flavoring in local cuisine, strengthen
local gastronomic traditions as well as income
opportunities for both rural and urban poor. NUS also
contribute to diversified agricultural systems, buffering shocks from rising of food commodity prices
and enriching agro
ecosystems making them healthier and more resilient and enhancing their
adaptatio
n to marginal areas and low input agriculture. Many NUS thrive in marginal areas where
few other crops grow and where poor rural live, so they are particularly relevant with regard to
poverty reduction and food security. Diversified agro
ecosystems employi
ng these crops can
contribute to the empowerment of vulnerable groups and communities and strengthen countries’
self reliance in agricultural production, contribute to harness and safeguard centuries
old traditions
and are a powerful instrument to keep ali
ve the cultural identity of farmers and indigenous
communities. Thus they are a pillar to achieve the Right to Food and Food Security at all levels.
Supporting the International Year of Quinoa
The United Nations has designated 2013 as the International Ye
ar of Quinoa. Such designation is also
a symbol to highlight the importance of thousands of many other underutilized and promising crops.
The international community needs to recognize the importance that South
South cooperation has
played in the recent sc
ientific and agronomic successes related to the cultivation and consumption
of Quinoa, and the importance of such cooperation for other underutilized crops especially among
regions and countries with similar agro
ecological conditions. The further developm
ent of
sustainable production and consumption systems for Quinoa needs international support. The
international community should emphasize the need to respect relevant laws related to access to
genetic resources of quinoa and the benefit
sharing arising fr
om their use, while ensuring that the
legal frameworks provide an enabling and inclusive environment for future research and
development related to Quinoa
.
The Way Forward: Key Priorities
Raising awareness of NUS strategic roles
1.
Recognize
that NUS re
present a wealth of diversity that can be harnessed to contribute more
effectively to implement the United Nations multilateral goals and instruments such as
the post
2015 Sustainable Development Goals,
the MDG (esp. Targets 1.A and 1.C of MDG1
6
), Agenda 2
1
(esp. Chapter 3
7
), the CBD (esp. Art.1
8
), the Aichi Targets (esp. Target 14
9
), the Second GPA of
FAO (esp. Activity 11
10
), the International Treaty on PGRFA (esp. Art 6.2e
11
) and the WHO Global
Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health
12
, as well as ot
her globally and regionally relevant
Agendas and frameworks such as the Diversity for Development initiative bringing together a
wide range of research and development partners in this arena
13
and regional and thematic
frameworks such as the 2009 Agricultur
al Biodiversity Initiative for Africa
14
, the 2010 Suwon
Framework for Asia
Pacific
15
and the 2011 Near East/North Africa
PGR
Network
16
the 2005
Chennai Platform for Action
17
and the 2010 Suwon Framework
18
.
Conserving genetic and cultural diversity of NUS
2.
Aware
that there are diversity of crops and complementarities of technologies and agricultural
systems in line with the diversity of ecologies of each country,
Recognize
the increasing
importance that society gives to organic farming and to urban agriculture and
the role that
promising crops play in this context.
Aware
that crop diversity is neglected and being lost
together with a wealth of indigenous knowledge associated to it,
Recognize
that the integration
of these species makes farming, social and economic s
ystems more resilient to the effects of
climate change. Therefore
Recommend
that these resources vital to the wellbeing of Humankind
be better conserved, studied, distributed and promoted.
Recommend
that both ex situ and in situ
conservation methods be use
d to protect these dwindling resources in order to facilitate their use
by farmers and researchers, and at the same time allow their dynamic evolution and adaptation
to change.
Recommend
the establishment of on farm conservation programmes for their
valori
zation and use enhancement in harmony with traditional rights, cultural identity,
ecosystem integrity and gender equity principles. Therefore
Call
on Donors to support NUS
conservation and use activities leveraging existing mechanisms and programmes availa
ble at
national and international level, given special attention to young and small
scale farmers.
6
http://www.un.o
rg/millenniumgoals/poverty.shtml
7
http://www.un.org/esa/dsd/agenda21/res_agenda21_03.shtml
8
http://www.cbd.int/doc/legal/cbd
—
en.pdf
9
http://www.cbd.int/sp
/targets/
10
Promoting development and commercialization of all varieties, primarily farmers’ varieties/landraces and underutilized
species
(
http://bit.ly/SQRbGp
)
11
ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/011/i0510e/i0510e.pdf
12
http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/strategy/eb11344/strategy_english_web.pdf
13
http://www.eg
far.org/content/agrobiodiversity
14
http://farastaff.blogspot.it/2009/06/agricultural
—
biodiversity
—
initiative.html
15
http://www.apaari.org/wp
—
content/uploads/downloads/2011/03/suwon
—
framework.pdf
16
http://www.ecpgr.cg
iar.org
and http://aarinena.org
17
http://www.underutilized
—
species.org/documents/publications/chennai_declaration_en.pdf
18
http://www.apaari.org/wp
—
cont
ent/uploads/downloads/2011/03/suwon
—
framework.pdf
scale family farming and to improve rural livelihoods
3.
Recognize
that these species make farming, social and economic systems mo
re resilient to the
effects of climate change and that NUS are particularly important livelihood asset for the rural
poor.
Acknowledge
the unique contribution to humankind that farmers and local communities
have made and will continue to make in safeguardi
ng NUS and associated culture and
highlight
in particular the role played by women farmers in the conservation and sustainable management
of NUS.
Recommend
facilitating conservation, access, availability, use and exchange of NUS
seeds by farmers.
Call
on t
he international community for actions aimed at the recognition,
encouragement and support of farmer and indigenous communities.
Promote
informal seed
exchanges
—
including genebank materials
—
among farmers, in particular between those in
similar agro
ecolog
ical zones of the world.
Call
on international and national institutions,
including gene banks and research systems, to further support farmers and their communities
and organizations in conserving and managing these crops for food security and agricultura
l
diversification.
Developing NUS Value chains from Production to Consumption and to Gastronomy
4.
Recognize
that in most countries there is a disconnect between agriculture and farmers with
consumers, and that food is consumed to meet not only nutritional r
equirements but that it also
has a social and cultural value for people. In promoting the use of NUS,
Recommend
strengthening the links between farmers, researchers and consumers.
Highlight
the growing
importance of NUS for the development of gastronomy an
d the important role that cooks,
restaurants and food industry and food retailers can play in promoting the use and adding value
to their products.
Recognizing
the important role of markets in fostering the use enhancement of
NUS,
Advocate
public and priva
te sector actions to support the development and/or
improvement of the value chains of these traditional resources and their products along with
interventions in support of local markets. Also
Recommend
better access of these resources to
international mar
kets, ensuring equity and fairness amongst all participants, recognizing that
important challenges are to expand the demand of NUS consumption in developing countries,
increase the share of value added for NUS products in developing countries and remove tr
ade
barriers for their products, particularly in developed countries.
Changing of wrong perceptions about NUS and developing the evidence base
5. Aware
of the wrong perception that often surround traditional crops,
Recognize
the essential
need to consol
idate the many data and reports presently held in diverse sources measuring and
demonstrating the value of these crops by developing and using objective criteria, such as
nutritive content and income returns.
Recognize
that the scientific basis to understa
nd their
contribution to human nutrition and health needs further strengthening and therefore
Recommend
generating, collecting and disseminating data on food composition and
consumption.
Work
together in an open and inclusive way to bring about the more op
en sharing
and common
benefit use of such knowledge.
Enhancing research and capacities for promoting the use of NUS
6. Call
on institutions to support the strengthening of their capacities, including learning and
research, in particular on crop impro
vement, and the establishment of research networks for
generating and sharing knowledge on NUS on themes including conservation, genetics,
agronomy, value chain, nutrition and policies.
Call
on these institutions to integrate and scale
up
participatory app
roaches with the involvement of all actors from farmers to consumers. Finally,
on public and private institutions to reposition promising crops in the research and extension
agenda.
Building an inter
sector and interdisciplinary collaboration for NU
S
7.
Aware
that the future of many promising crops depends on the close interactions across different
disciplines (such as agriculture, nutrition, health, education), sectors (public and private), and
stakeholders (farmers, researchers, value chain actors, d
ecision makers etc),
Advocate
mechanisms and processes able to facilitate strategic synergies in support of existing national,
regional and international networks and collaborative platforms
19
.
Creating a conducive policy environment for NUS
8.
Recognizing
the strategic role of NUS in fulfilling the right to food in terms of nutrition security,
healthy food systems and sustainable diets,
Recommend
a greater deployment of NUS in
national nutritional policies and in crop diversification programmes;
Advocate
th
eir deployment
in nutrition safety net programmes, food assistance and school feeding programmes, school
gardens and food reserves.
Advocate
the largest mobilization of promising crops for improving
people livelihoods and to that end
Call
on Governments to
develop policies that will allow to
mainstream best practices, methods and tools into Government actions, including incentives for
NUS cultivation and conservation on farm.
9.
Welcome
of the Rio Six
Point Action Plan for the International Treaty on Plant G
enetic Resources
for Food and Agriculture adopted by consensus at a High
level Roundtable at Rio+20,
20
Noting
with satisfaction
its calls upon the international community to raise awareness of the actual and
potential value of underutilized species of local
and regional importance for food security and
sustainable development. In relation to the Rio Six
Point priority to facilitate a new Keystone
type
dialogue to complete the governance of all plant genetic resources for food and agriculture under
the Treaty
,
Recommend
that such dialogue should,
inter alia
, enhance policies and priorities to
promote the use of a wider range of crops, and focus in particular in NUS. Finally, in relation to
the Río Six
Point of exploring the possible expansion of the list of th
e crops included in the Annex I
to the Treaty,
Recommend
that such exploration takes into account criteria such as the role of
crops to face climatic changes and to ensure a nutritious and diversified diet.
Establishment of an Ombudsman for the future
generations
10.
Recognizing
that the conservation of agricultural agrobiodiversity and other natural resources is
essential for the survival of future generations,
Noting
that concepts such as inter
generational
justice and rights of future generations have be
come a recurring issue when discussing the future
of our Planet,
Noting
that future generations do not vote nor consume, so their interest is not
necessarily reflected in our institutional, political and market systems. Measures should be
taken
to reinforc
e democracy integrating the interest of generations to come. Thus,
Propose
the
establishment of an Ombudsman for future generations that would represent their rights in
national and international decision making
—
national parliaments and within the UN sys
tem,
since conservation issues encompass natural resources of relevance both to present and future
generations. The role of this Ombudsman will be to represent those not yet born and to ensure
that current decisions do not jeopardize their inte
rests and ri
ghts in the future.
19
Including
Diversity for Development
,
PAR (http://bit.ly/Xg51EH
)
, Indigenous Partnership for Agrobiodiversity and Food
Sovereignty (http://bit.ly/Wu4lN2), APAARI (http://www.apaari.org/), AARINENA (
http://www.aarinena.org/
) and
REMERFI
http://1.usa.gov/VxEqlY).
20
http://www.planttreaty.org/content/hlrt2